Pteridium aquilinum is a perennial, herbaceous fern that can gow around 120 250cm tall. It is cosmopolitan in distribution and occurs in both temperate and tropical regions of the world except the arctic zone and the temperate south america. An email address is required, but will not be postedit will only be used for information exchange between the 2 of us if needed and will never be given to a 3rd party without your express permission. Found on every continent except antarctica 4 and in all fifty states besides nebraska 2.
Patricia talcott, in equine internal medicine fourth edition, 2018. Tryon 1941 recognized a single species with two subspecies, containing 12 varieties, and this scheme has been used throughout the world. One of three characteristics used by tryon to distinguish southern bracken ferns pteridium of subsp. The leaves or fronds of western brackenfern are normally from 1 to 10 feet 330 dm long including a stipe leafstalk that may be as long as 39 to 59 inches 1015 dm but is usually shorter than the leaf blade. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. James perry this natural history of bracken fern is a broad overview of the plant pteridium aquilinum l. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Pteridium aquilinum bracken fern deep green, leathery fronds on upright stems.
The morphology, reproduction, habitat and distribution sections describe the bracken fern and reveal comparative views of the subspecies or varieties of p. L48 n, ak n, hi n, can n, spm a very aggressive fern of worldwide distribution for dry woodlands. Heller bracken fern, bracken, western bracken fern, western bracken dennstaedtiaceae bracken fern family synonyms. Southwest colorado wildflowers, pteridium aquilinum. The idium ending is a diminutive and indicates that the genus pteridium is a bit like the genus pteris. Pteridium aquilinum brachen, fairys cairds, trowies cairds, or earn fern is a species o fern occurrin in temperate an subtropical regions in baith hemispheres. Allelopathy of bracken fern pteridium arachnoideum. Background and aims a great deal of money is spent controlling invasive weeds as part of international and national policies. Bracken fernpteridium aquilinuml kuhn is one of the most intriguing examples of a plant species that can induce stagnation in forest succession figure 1.
Kuhn is one of the worlds most powerful weeds, especially in agricultural areas. Grows in open woods and thickets, especially on sandy soils. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 2. The leaves or fronds of western brackenfern are normally from 1 to 10 feet 330 dm long including a stipe leafstalk that may be as long as 39 to 59 inches 1015 dm but is usually shorter than the leaf blade 119. Pteridium a monotypic genus represented by a single species p. It is suggested that tryons varieties africanum, aquilinum. Kuhn 5 kenya localized native hemp, 2002 madagascar present native bloesch et al. Pteridium aquilinum bracken, brake or common bracken, also known as eagle fern, is a species of fern occurring in temperate and subtropical regions in both hemispheres. Pteridium aquilinum general botanical characteristics. Efforts made to control pteridium invasions, including control and restoration experiments conducted in the uk and norway, have shown that in the longterm, mechanical cutting twice a year and litter removal were the best approaches for controlling p. Pteridium aquilinum pteaqoverview eppo global database. As elsewhere in the tropics, farmers in the andes of.
The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. The root is very fibrous so traditionally it was baked after being dried, the outer skin was peeled off and the roots pounded into a powder with sticks so that the inner fibres could be removed. Form dense colonies in dry or wet forests in low to subalpine elevations. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative.
Pteridium aquilinum umass amherst landscape, nursery. Where and when it grows bracken fern is widely distributed in many places around the world. Aquilinum is from the latin for eagle and refers to the. Bracken fern grows on burnedover areas, in woodlands. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using pteridium aquilinum aqueous extract and its characterization pages from 60 to 85 please purchase pdf splitmerge on. The phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extract of pteridium aquilinum are oxalate, quinones, caroteinoids, saponins, phlobatannins. Pteridium aquilinum bracken, brake or common bracken, also known as eagle fern, and eastern brakenfern, is a species of fern occurring in temperate and subtropical regions in both hemispheres. In the imatong mountains of sudan its altitudinal range is 18002600 m jackson, 1956 and up to 3200 m in colombia missouri botanical garden, 2003. Bracken, fougereaigle commune pteris aquilina linnaeus, sp. Pteridium aquilinum has been used as a reducing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Kuhn is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus pteridium family dennstaedtiaceae.
Bracken fern pteridium aquilinum us epa archive document. In doing so, fnps is not attesting to the accuracy of any information on the fann webite. A very vigorous plant, able to spread widely due to its running rhizomatous rootstock. Aquilinum is from the latin for eagle and refers to the large winglike fronds of this very large fern. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. A very vigorous plant, able to spread widely due to its running rhizomatous rootstock it can form large colonies. Binggeli 2005 crop protection compendium pteridium aquilinum l. Aug 23, 2016 efforts made to control pteridium invasions, including control and restoration experiments conducted in the uk and norway, have shown that in the longterm, mechanical cutting twice a year and litter removal were the best approaches for controlling p. It can grow in semishade light woodland or no shade. Synonyms for pteridium aquilinum in free thesaurus. Pteridium aquilinum linnaeus kuhn in decken, reisen ostafrika. Kuhn bracken, bracken fern, brackenfern, northern bracken fern, western brackenfern, fougere des aigles direct children. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above.
Pteridium aquilinum bracken this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Pdf antibacterial, phytochemical and proximate analysis of. It grows directly from stout, black, horizontal root stalks. Petioles reddish brown at base becoming yellow, about as long as the blade, glabrous. Pteridium aquilinum wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Reimers, 1954, is one of the oldest known fern fossil records over 55 million years old have been found. This ethnobotanical work is meant to synthesize all aspects of the knowledge about bracken fern from scientists as well. Kuhn of the family pteridaceae belongs to the genus pteridiumscopoli. Controversy concerning typification of the bracken fern pteridium aquilinum l. Pteridium aquilinum an overview sciencedirect topics.
The record derives from tropicos data supplied on 20120418 which reports it as an accepted name record 26600295 with original publication details. Antibacterial, phytochemical and proximate analysis of pteridium aquilinum international journal of research in pharmacy and biosciences v2 i9 october 2015 2 p. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature the genus pteridium dennstaedtiaceae comprises a few relatively stable morphotypes which are at least partially interfertile. Some members of fann may provide services that do not further the fnps mission, and this link should not be. Morphological and genomic diversity in the genus pteridium. Bracken invades open or disturbed areas with its extensive branched rhizomes, which may grow to about 400 metres 1,300. The extreme lightness of its spores has led to its global distribution. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Pteridium aquilinum subsp latiusculum, arbutus oaks. A natural history of bracken fern pteridium aquilinum l. The plants database includes the following 4 subspecies of pteridium aquilinum.
It is typically found in woods including somewhat dry woodland areas, fields, old pastures, thickets, areas with disturbed soils, burnedout areas and marshes. Western bracken fern pteridium aquilinum bracken fern has broad, triangular leaves, or fronds. An email address is required, but will not be postedit will only be used for information exchange between the 2 of us if needed and will never be given to a. Pdf bracken fern pteridium aquilinum is the fifth most distributed common weed species of the world. Pteridium is from the greek pteron, meaning fern, and from pteris, a genus of ferns. Kuhn western bracken fern, bracken fern, western bracken, bracken dennstaedtiaceae bracken fern family synonyms.
Bracken fern is found most commonly in forested areas, burns, or abandoned fields in the northern and western united states. Plants profile for pteridium aquilinum pubescens hairy. Its vigor and resistance to any kind of nonpolluting pest control result from its extensive rhizome system. Pteridium aquilinum lady bird johnson wildflower center. This plant and the related entities italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Antibacterial, phytochemical and proximate analysis of. Kuhn lisa parresol biology department university of north carolina at asheville one university heights asheville, nc 288048509 faculty advisor.
Monoterpene emissions from the dominant understory species pteridium aquilinum bracken fern in a mixed temperate forest were measured in the field during the summers of 2006, 2007 and 2008. In order to confirm their distinctively recognizable morphology, nine features defining each of these taxa were subjected to a morphometric analysis. Plant data sheet bracken fern pteridium aquilinum range occurs throughout the world except in hot and cold deserts 1. Application of morphometric study to discriminate pteridium. Fnps provides this link to assist users in finding sources for native plants. The new york flora atlas is a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state, as well as information on plant habitats, associated ecological communities, and taxonomy. All comments are moderated before posting to keep the riffraff out. Pteridium aquilinum, commonly called bracken fern, is a coarse, deciduous, rhizomatous, cosmopolitan fern found on all continents except antarctica. Pteridium aquilinum synonyms, pteridium aquilinum antonyms. Lady bird johnson wildflower center focused on protecting and preserving north americas native plants through native plant lists and image galleries, conservation, education, natural landscapes, seed collection millennium seed bank msb project, preserving and restoring native communities, spreading awareness on invasive species and gardening to attract wildlife. This natural history of bracken fern also includes an. Growth of this rhizome system is strongly promoted by fire. The blades of the fronds are divided into pinnae, the bottom pair. The results showed that bracken fern emitted monoterpenes at different rates depending if the plants were located in the understory or in open areas.
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